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- * *
- COMPUTER PARTS GALORE INC. * * HARDWARE TECHNICAL
- 316 COLLEGE ST. TORONTO * * BULLETIN
- 928-2161 * * 1/2/86
- *********************************************************************
-
- -PC and XT 8 MHZ CLOCK UPGRADE -
-
- These modifications will allow you to easily upgrade the clock speed
- of your 8088 based IBM or compatible to speed execution of
- programs by up to 60%. We have tried and tested this
- modification on several boards and found it to work well with
- most software and hardware but please be aware that soom
- incompatibilities will arise. Also we have found that the
- closer to 8 MHZ you run your board the more component level
- problems you will encounter. These kind of problems will take
- the form of erratic behavior. So be advised , the faster you
- want to run your machine the more quality and performance of
- the individual components will count.
-
- The first requirement is a 8088-2 replacement processor. (While
- your at it you may concider an 8MHZ V20, then you could squeeze
- another 10% out of your box, but thats another articule).
-
- The second requirement is another xtal to produce the higher
- clock speed. This can be accomplished by one of two ways. The
- simplest is to purchase an oscillator package, the value of
- which is three times the frequency of your targeted running
- speed. That means, if you want an 8MHZ processor clock then you
- need a 24 MHZ oscillator package. Similarly, if you want a 6.6
- MHZ processor clock then you need a 20 MHZ oscillator package.
- Please note we said another xtal so don't get excited and rip
- out your good old 14.318 MHZ xtal, you'll need it before we're
- finished. The second way to do this is with a xtal and an
- oscillator jig. A quick look at the motherboard schematic will
- yield a suitable design for the jig.
-
- The third requirement is a small double pull double throw
- switch. Preferably one that will easily mount on your present
- computer case.
-
- The fourth requirement is some solder, wire wrap wire, a bit of
- proto board, a component carrier, and preferably a spare 8284
- Intel clock chip.
-
- The fifth requirement is a suggestion for the super keen money-
- is-no-object guys. We think that even better more reliable
- performance can be achieved by using HCMOS logic chips where
- ever possible on the board, especially bus drivers,decoders, and
- multiplexers . Also Intel has announced but we haven't seem a
- line of 8MHZ HCMOS 8088 support chips most notably the 82C84A ,
- 82C88 , 82C37A-5. We did not use these chips on the boards we
- modified but any of the problems we encountered indicated that
- the higher spec chips are the way to go.
-
- Ok lets begin. You'll be glad to know that Intel has made the
- whole thing easy for you by the way they designed the 8284 clock
- chip. They designed it to run with an internal or external
- clock. The way your present XT or clone is set up, you are most
- likely using the internal clock configuration with a 14.318 MHZ
- clock ( picked for the virture of being able to supply the
- color burst frequency when divided by 4 ). Now the beauty of
- the way Intel set things up is that if you instead chooze to
- use the external clock option on the 8284 and speed up the
- CLK and PCLK outputs of the 8284 the chip will still use the
- 14.318 xtal to produce the OSC output which goes to the
- peripheral slots where it is used by the color graphics card.
- Please note that the CLK is one third the base frequency fed
- into the 8284. The PCLK is one half of the CLK.
-
- The way to select the internal or external clk input for the
- 8284 is by the logic level of the F/C ( Frequency/ Crystal
- Select ) pin 13 of the 8284. When strapped LOW F/C permits the
- processors clock to be generated by the crystal (14.318). When
- strapped HIGH, the CLK is generated by EFI pin 14 8284 (EFI=
- External Frequency).
-
- So the first MOD is to be able to pull pin 13 of the 8284 high
- or low. We found that the easiest way to do this without
- damaging the motherboard was to remove the 8284 from its socket
- and mount it on top of a chip carrier letting all legs except
- pins 13 and 14 continue thru as before to the motherboard. Pin
- 13 must be wired so that it can be either grounded or pulled
- high through a 1K resistor. This is what one side of the DPDT
- switch is for.
-
- The second MOD is to feed the appropriate external frequency into pin 14
- of the 8284. If you were smart and got your self an oscallator
- package this is easy. An oscallator package is the same size as
- a 14 pin dip I.C. with Vcc at the top left hand corner
- and ground at the bottom right hand corner. The output is
- at the top right hand corner. The bottom left hand pin is not
- used and is usually marked by a dot indicating that it's pin #1.
- If you are using a xtal you will have to make an oscillator
- with a 74LS04 and some components. Remember that the 8284 will
- divide by three whatever frequency you feed it !
-
- Now comes the third and final step. We found that the 8237, the
- DMA controller did not want to run at 8MHZ. The way we handled
- this was to feed it the PCLK instead of the CLK when running at
- 8MHZ. You use the second half of the DPDT switch to switch the CLK
- with the PCLK. The DMA clk input is pin 12 of the 8237. We bent
- pin 12 of the 8237 up out of the socket and ran a wire from it to the
- center pole of the switch and with the CLK and PCLK from the
- 8284 connected to the other two poles. Since you have both the
- switch for the internal and external clock and the switch for
- the DMA clk speed on the same switch you must be sure to wire
- them up so that pin 13 of the 8284 is pulled HIGH at the same time
- that pin 12 of the 8237 is connected to the PCLK clock.
-
- Well thats all there is to it. We also found that 150 ns memory
- worked better that 200 ns at 8MHZ. You will notice that most of
- the commercially offered turbo XT boards being flogged in town run
- with a 20 MHZ clk for the high speed option. We believe this is to
- save running in to spec problems with the LS and S logic used
- on the boards, so you might try this first and move up to 8MHZ
- if all goes well. If this makes sense to you then make your Mod
- so that you can replace the oscillator if you want to. Try four
- Auget socket pins.
-
- We at COMPUTER PARTS GALORE hope that this proves useful
- information to those of you adventurous enough to want to
- experiment with your computer. Rest assured that if you work
- carefully and think about it you will be able to implement the
- above modifications in such a way that no permanent damage is
- done to the motherboard.
-
- This technical note has been composed for the purpose of
- distributing via bulliten board for the use of the general
- public. Please feel free to upload to any and all such forums.
- We would appreiciate if the credits were left attached to all
- such disemination of the above material. Due to the method of
- transmission we have not included any schematics of the mods.
- We feel that the simplicity of the mods makes this no great
- disadvantage.
-
- GOOD LUCK AND HAPPY COMPUTING
-
- Glenn Tooth
- COMPUTER PARTS GALORE
- 316 COLLEGE ST. TORONTO
- oard, a component carrier, and preferably a spare 8284
- Intel clo